Security Insights
Deep dives, expert analysis, and practical guidance on exposure management, adversarial validation, and the future of AI-driven exposure management.
ISO 27001 Penetration Testing Requirements
ISO 27001:2022 never names penetration testing, yet it is how you evidence Annex A 8.8 and 8.29 at a surveillance audit. The honest read on required vs expected, with the 2013 lineage and the Oct 2025 deadline.
PCI DSS Penetration Testing Requirements
PCI DSS v4.0.1 Requirement 11.4 is the rare standard that names penetration testing outright: internal and external annually plus after change, segmentation at 12 or 6 months, mandatory since 31 Mar 2025.
HIPAA Penetration Testing Requirements
HIPAA never says "penetration test," but the Security Rule's risk analysis and its REQUIRED evaluation standard expect technical testing of every system touching ePHI. Here is the precise read.
SOC 2 Penetration Testing Requirements
SOC 2 never names penetration testing in any criterion, yet auditors treat it as the load-bearing evidence for CC4.1 and CC7.x. Here is the gap between the letter and the audit.
Building an AI Harness for Offensive Security: What It Takes to Turn LLMs Into Reliable Pentest and Validation Operators
The model is 20% of the problem. Here is the engineering story behind the orchestration, tooling, middleware, and infrastructure that turns a capable LLM into a reliable penetration testing operator.
Social Engineering Penetration Testing Guide
A social engineering penetration testing field guide: building an OSINT pretext, running an authorized GoPhish campaign, mapping to MITRE ATT&CK T1566, and the metrics that prove resilience.
IoT Penetration Testing Guide
An IoT penetration testing field guide: binwalk firmware extraction, cracking /etc/shadow with hashcat, dropping to a U-Boot root shell, flashrom SPI dumps, and open MQTT brokers.
Thick Client Penetration Testing Guide
A field guide to thick client penetration testing: decompiling .NET with dnSpy, Frida auth hooks, named-pipe DACL abuse, and the report-grade findings that come out of it.
VoIP Penetration Testing and Reconnaissance Guide
Toll fraud cost businesses billions last year, and most of it traces to a misconfigured PBX. Here is how VoIP penetration testing finds the SIP, RTP, and dial-plan holes before an attacker does.
Wireless Penetration Testing Guide
A weak Wi-Fi key cracked from the parking lot can undo every firewall you own. Here is the wireless penetration testing workflow, with real hcxdumptool and hashcat output and the EAP-TLS fix that ends it.
How Application Penetration Testing Prevents Real-World Breaches
Applications are prime targets for attackers, and breaches often start with a single vulnerability. Application penetration testing identifies, validates, and helps remediate these weaknesses before they are exploited. Modern PTaaS integrates with DevSecOps and CTEM, providing continuous validation,
Active Directory Penetration Testing Checklist
Most domains fall without a single CVE. This Active Directory penetration testing checklist walks the phases with real Kerberoast and Certipy output, a findings table, and the controls that actually break each path.